General Information

This project is not owned by Climate Friendly | The Gujarat wind project is a 150MW renewable energy wind farm in Kutch in the state of Gujarat, India. Operational from September 2007, the wind farm is made up of 100 wind turbines each capable of generating 1.5 MW of energy and displacing more than 300,000 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions per year caused by the burning of fossil fuels.
The wind farm generates electricity which is fed into the Western regional grid through the local grid, improving the grid frequency and availability of electricity to the local consumers. The project accelerates investment in renewable energy capacity in India, which helps the shift to a lower emissions development pathway.

Quality

- Yes, NCOS compliantAbatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual. that is compliant with the National Carbon Offset Standard. NCOSNational Carbon Offset Standard. The National Carbon Offset Standard was released by the Commonwealth Government in November 2009, to come into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutral products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and retirement of carbon offsets that are beyond those achieved by the CPRS and achievement of Australia’s national emissions reduction targets. compliant abatement currently includes Certified Emissions Reductions (CERsCertified Emission Reductions are credits generated under Kyoto's CDM. One CER unit is equivalent to the reduction of one metric tonne of CO2e. They are designed to be used by industrialised countries to count towards meeting their Kyoto targets. They can also be used as part of domestic targets, for example EU companies and governments use them as offsets against their emissions under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme.) except long term (lCERs) and temporary (tCERs); Emission Reduction Units (ERUs); Removal Units (RMUs); Voluntary Emissions Reductions (VERsVerified Emission Reductions or Voluntary Emissions Reductions are tradable credits for greenhouse emission reduction activities generated to meet voluntary demand for carbon credits by organisations and individuals wanting to offset their own emissions. VERs can be generated from projects to which a range of circumstances might apply, including:
- are either based in a country that has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol (e.g. USA) or does not have the infrastructure to support CDM project development;
- have not yet been registered under the CDM;
- fall outside the scope of the CDM;
- are too small to warrant the costs of CDM approval;
- are specifically developed for the voluntary market.) issued by the Gold StandardA certification standard for carbon offset projects. Initiated by WWF, SSN and Helio International, the Gold Standard for CDM projects was launched in 2003 after wide-ranging stakeholder consultation among key actors of the carbon market as well as governments. For more information see here.*; Voluntary Carbon Units (VCUs) issued by the Voluntary Carbon StandardThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a new global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here., however where VCU credits are issued for reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDDReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and other agriculture forestry and land use (AFOLU) projects, they must apply methodologies approved under the NCOS Standard. abatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual.

General Information

This project is not owned by Climate Friendly | The Bienaihe hydropower station is a 10.5 MW project situated in the Longchuan County, Yunnan Province in China.
The power generation of this project will be transmitted to local transformer substations, then to Yunnan Grid and finally to the South China Grid. The project contributes to the development of renewable energy in China and the reduction of GHGGreenhouse Gases in the earth's atmosphere absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. The Kyoto ProtocolAn international agreement linked to the UNFCCC and sharing its aim of stabilising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, but requiring separate ratification by governments. The Kyoto Protocol, among other things, sets binding targets for the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions by industrialized countries. It entered into force for ratifying countries in February 2006 and commits developed nations to collectively cut their greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2 per cent of 1990 levels by 2012. Came into force in Australia on 11 March 2008. lists six major greenhouse gases, which vary in their relative warming effect. The six gases are: carbon dioxideA greenhouse gas that is produced as a by-product of oil and gas production, burning fossil fuels and biomass, as well as from all animals, plants, and a number of other natural sources. Carbon dioxide is the principal anthropogenic greenhouse gas that affects the earth’s temperature. (CO2), methaneMethane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas with a GWP of 21. (CH4), nitrous oxideAgriculture accounts for the majority of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in Australia, The transport sector also contributes to emissions of N2O. N2O has a high global warming potential of about 310 times that of CO2.it breaks down very slowly – over about 120 years (N2O), HFCs (hydrofluorocarbonsMajor releases of HFCs are from leakage from refrigeration equipment during operation and its end-of-life destruction. Minor releases arise from the use of HFC-containing aerosols, air conditioners and metered dose inhalers.HFCs have very high global warming potentials (140 to 11,700 times that of carbon dioxide).), PFCsMost emissions of PFCs in Australia are generated during aluminium production. PFCs have extremely high global warming potentials (5000 to 10,000 times that of carbon dioxide). However, because they are only released in relatively small amounts, their contribution to global warming is minor. Due to their stability they have very long atmospheric lifetimes (thousands of years). (perfluorocarbons) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) is a man-made chemical. The major sources of SF6 release include leakage from electrical switchgear, from magnesium smelting processes and use in semiconductor manufacture. It has by far the highest global warming potential (23,900 times that of carbon dioxide), however it is only released in relatively small amounts.). emissions.
The project will not only supply renewable electricity to the grid, but also contribute to sustainable development in the local area by providing jobs and more secure electricity supply to a particularly poor region of China.

Quality

- Yes, NCOS compliantAbatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual. that is compliant with the National Carbon Offset Standard. NCOSNational Carbon Offset Standard. The National Carbon Offset Standard was released by the Commonwealth Government in November 2009, to come into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutral products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and retirement of carbon offsets that are beyond those achieved by the CPRS and achievement of Australia’s national emissions reduction targets. compliant abatement currently includes Certified Emissions Reductions (CERsCertified Emission Reductions are credits generated under Kyoto's CDM. One CER unit is equivalent to the reduction of one metric tonne of CO2e. They are designed to be used by industrialised countries to count towards meeting their Kyoto targets. They can also be used as part of domestic targets, for example EU companies and governments use them as offsets against their emissions under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme.) except long term (lCERs) and temporary (tCERs); Emission Reduction Units (ERUs); Removal Units (RMUs); Voluntary Emissions Reductions (VERsVerified Emission Reductions or Voluntary Emissions Reductions are tradable credits for greenhouse emission reduction activities generated to meet voluntary demand for carbon credits by organisations and individuals wanting to offset their own emissions. VERs can be generated from projects to which a range of circumstances might apply, including:
- are either based in a country that has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol (e.g. USA) or does not have the infrastructure to support CDM project development;
- have not yet been registered under the CDM;
- fall outside the scope of the CDM;
- are too small to warrant the costs of CDM approval;
- are specifically developed for the voluntary market.) issued by the Gold StandardA certification standard for carbon offset projects. Initiated by WWF, SSN and Helio International, the Gold Standard for CDM projects was launched in 2003 after wide-ranging stakeholder consultation among key actors of the carbon market as well as governments. For more information see here.*; Voluntary Carbon Units (VCUs) issued by the Voluntary Carbon StandardThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a new global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here., however where VCU credits are issued for reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDDReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and other agriculture forestry and land use (AFOLU) projects, they must apply methodologies approved under the NCOS Standard. abatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual.

General Information

This project is not owned by Climate Friendly | The Dora-I Geothermal Project is a 7.9 MW renewable energy geothermal power plant located in the the Salavatli village of Aydin city in Turkey. Using geothermal energy, the power plant generates electricity that is exported to the national grid of Turkey. Some of the waste heat is planned to be used in local greenhouses to support the regional horticultural industry.

This pioneering Project is the first private geothermal power plant in Turkey and it uses state-of-the-art technology. By developing one of the first projects demonstrating the operational capability of geothermal power plants, the project operators have taken significant first mover risks and helped to stimulate the growth of the geothermal power industry in Turkey.

Quality

- Yes, NCOS compliantAbatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual. that is compliant with the National Carbon Offset Standard. NCOSNational Carbon Offset Standard. The National Carbon Offset Standard was released by the Commonwealth Government in November 2009, to come into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutral products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and retirement of carbon offsets that are beyond those achieved by the CPRS and achievement of Australia’s national emissions reduction targets. compliant abatement currently includes Certified Emissions Reductions (CERsCertified Emission Reductions are credits generated under Kyoto's CDM. One CER unit is equivalent to the reduction of one metric tonne of CO2e. They are designed to be used by industrialised countries to count towards meeting their Kyoto targets. They can also be used as part of domestic targets, for example EU companies and governments use them as offsets against their emissions under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme.) except long term (lCERs) and temporary (tCERs); Emission Reduction Units (ERUs); Removal Units (RMUs); Voluntary Emissions Reductions (VERsVerified Emission Reductions or Voluntary Emissions Reductions are tradable credits for greenhouse emission reduction activities generated to meet voluntary demand for carbon credits by organisations and individuals wanting to offset their own emissions. VERs can be generated from projects to which a range of circumstances might apply, including:
- are either based in a country that has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol (e.g. USA) or does not have the infrastructure to support CDM project development;
- have not yet been registered under the CDM;
- fall outside the scope of the CDM;
- are too small to warrant the costs of CDM approval;
- are specifically developed for the voluntary market.) issued by the Gold StandardA certification standard for carbon offset projects. Initiated by WWF, SSN and Helio International, the Gold Standard for CDM projects was launched in 2003 after wide-ranging stakeholder consultation among key actors of the carbon market as well as governments. For more information see here.*; Voluntary Carbon Units (VCUs) issued by the Voluntary Carbon StandardThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a new global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here., however where VCU credits are issued for reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDDReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and other agriculture forestry and land use (AFOLU) projects, they must apply methodologies approved under the NCOS Standard. abatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual.

General Information

This project is not owned by Climate Friendly | The Taohuashan hydropower station is a 12.6 MW project situated in the Baishun village of Yanzi Town in the Hefeng County, Hubei Province in China.
The power generation of this project will be transmitted to a local transformer substation, then to Hubei Grid and finally to the Central China Grid. The project contributes to the development of renewable energy in China and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHGGreenhouse Gases in the earth's atmosphere absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. The Kyoto ProtocolAn international agreement linked to the UNFCCC and sharing its aim of stabilising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, but requiring separate ratification by governments. The Kyoto Protocol, among other things, sets binding targets for the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions by industrialized countries. It entered into force for ratifying countries in February 2006 and commits developed nations to collectively cut their greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2 per cent of 1990 levels by 2012. Came into force in Australia on 11 March 2008. lists six major greenhouse gases, which vary in their relative warming effect. The six gases are: carbon dioxideA greenhouse gas that is produced as a by-product of oil and gas production, burning fossil fuels and biomass, as well as from all animals, plants, and a number of other natural sources. Carbon dioxide is the principal anthropogenic greenhouse gas that affects the earth’s temperature. (CO2), methaneMethane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas with a GWP of 21. (CH4), nitrous oxideAgriculture accounts for the majority of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in Australia, The transport sector also contributes to emissions of N2O. N2O has a high global warming potential of about 310 times that of CO2.it breaks down very slowly – over about 120 years (N2O), HFCs (hydrofluorocarbonsMajor releases of HFCs are from leakage from refrigeration equipment during operation and its end-of-life destruction. Minor releases arise from the use of HFC-containing aerosols, air conditioners and metered dose inhalers.HFCs have very high global warming potentials (140 to 11,700 times that of carbon dioxide).), PFCsMost emissions of PFCs in Australia are generated during aluminium production. PFCs have extremely high global warming potentials (5000 to 10,000 times that of carbon dioxide). However, because they are only released in relatively small amounts, their contribution to global warming is minor. Due to their stability they have very long atmospheric lifetimes (thousands of years). (perfluorocarbons) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) is a man-made chemical. The major sources of SF6 release include leakage from electrical switchgear, from magnesium smelting processes and use in semiconductor manufacture. It has by far the highest global warming potential (23,900 times that of carbon dioxide), however it is only released in relatively small amounts.).) emissions.
The Project will not only supply renewable electricity to grid, but also contribute to sustainable development in the local area.

Quality

- Yes, NCOS compliantAbatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual. that is compliant with the National Carbon Offset Standard. NCOSNational Carbon Offset Standard. The National Carbon Offset Standard was released by the Commonwealth Government in November 2009, to come into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutral products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and retirement of carbon offsets that are beyond those achieved by the CPRS and achievement of Australia’s national emissions reduction targets. compliant abatement currently includes Certified Emissions Reductions (CERsCertified Emission Reductions are credits generated under Kyoto's CDM. One CER unit is equivalent to the reduction of one metric tonne of CO2e. They are designed to be used by industrialised countries to count towards meeting their Kyoto targets. They can also be used as part of domestic targets, for example EU companies and governments use them as offsets against their emissions under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme.) except long term (lCERs) and temporary (tCERs); Emission Reduction Units (ERUs); Removal Units (RMUs); Voluntary Emissions Reductions (VERsVerified Emission Reductions or Voluntary Emissions Reductions are tradable credits for greenhouse emission reduction activities generated to meet voluntary demand for carbon credits by organisations and individuals wanting to offset their own emissions. VERs can be generated from projects to which a range of circumstances might apply, including:
- are either based in a country that has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol (e.g. USA) or does not have the infrastructure to support CDM project development;
- have not yet been registered under the CDM;
- fall outside the scope of the CDM;
- are too small to warrant the costs of CDM approval;
- are specifically developed for the voluntary market.) issued by the Gold StandardA certification standard for carbon offset projects. Initiated by WWF, SSN and Helio International, the Gold Standard for CDM projects was launched in 2003 after wide-ranging stakeholder consultation among key actors of the carbon market as well as governments. For more information see here.*; Voluntary Carbon Units (VCUs) issued by the Voluntary Carbon StandardThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a new global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here., however where VCU credits are issued for reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDDReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and other agriculture forestry and land use (AFOLU) projects, they must apply methodologies approved under the NCOS Standard. abatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual.

General Information

This project is not owned by Climate Friendly | The project comprises of a 45 MW wind farm located in the Yangjiayao Village, Majiatan Town, Lingwu City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P. R. China which is one of the poorest region in China.
The installation of the wind farm helps alleviate poverty and generate electricity by using clean wind resources to ease electricity shortage in Northwest China. It also contributes to the reduction of GHGGreenhouse Gases in the earth's atmosphere absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. The Kyoto ProtocolAn international agreement linked to the UNFCCC and sharing its aim of stabilising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, but requiring separate ratification by governments. The Kyoto Protocol, among other things, sets binding targets for the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions by industrialized countries. It entered into force for ratifying countries in February 2006 and commits developed nations to collectively cut their greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2 per cent of 1990 levels by 2012. Came into force in Australia on 11 March 2008. lists six major greenhouse gases, which vary in their relative warming effect. The six gases are: carbon dioxideA greenhouse gas that is produced as a by-product of oil and gas production, burning fossil fuels and biomass, as well as from all animals, plants, and a number of other natural sources. Carbon dioxide is the principal anthropogenic greenhouse gas that affects the earth’s temperature. (CO2), methaneMethane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas with a GWP of 21. (CH4), nitrous oxideAgriculture accounts for the majority of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in Australia, The transport sector also contributes to emissions of N2O. N2O has a high global warming potential of about 310 times that of CO2.it breaks down very slowly – over about 120 years (N2O), HFCs (hydrofluorocarbonsMajor releases of HFCs are from leakage from refrigeration equipment during operation and its end-of-life destruction. Minor releases arise from the use of HFC-containing aerosols, air conditioners and metered dose inhalers.HFCs have very high global warming potentials (140 to 11,700 times that of carbon dioxide).), PFCsMost emissions of PFCs in Australia are generated during aluminium production. PFCs have extremely high global warming potentials (5000 to 10,000 times that of carbon dioxide). However, because they are only released in relatively small amounts, their contribution to global warming is minor. Due to their stability they have very long atmospheric lifetimes (thousands of years). (perfluorocarbons) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) is a man-made chemical. The major sources of SF6 release include leakage from electrical switchgear, from magnesium smelting processes and use in semiconductor manufacture. It has by far the highest global warming potential (23,900 times that of carbon dioxide), however it is only released in relatively small amounts.). emission by displacing part of the electricity from Northwest China Power Grid, which is predominantly supplied by fossil fuelFossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy formed from fossilised organic matter. Coal, oil and natural gas are the most widely used fossil fuels in energy production. Most of Australia's primary energy is derived from fossil fuels. fired power plants. It is a Gold StandardA certification standard for carbon offset projects. Initiated by WWF, SSN and Helio International, the Gold Standard for CDMClean Development Mechanism is a Kyoto Protocol mechanism under which projects set up in developing countries to reduce GHGs generate tradeable credits called CERs. The credits can be used by industrialised nations to help meet their Kyoto reduction targets. Find out more here. projects was launched in 2003 after wide-ranging stakeholder consultation among key actors of the carbon market as well as governments. For more information see here. registered Project and Climate Friendly is the exclusive purchaser of all the credits generated in 2007 and 2008.

Quality

- Yes, NCOS compliantAbatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual. that is compliant with the National Carbon Offset Standard. NCOSNational Carbon Offset Standard. The National Carbon Offset Standard was released by the Commonwealth Government in November 2009, to come into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutral products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and retirement of carbon offsets that are beyond those achieved by the CPRS and achievement of Australia’s national emissions reduction targets. compliant abatement currently includes Certified Emissions Reductions (CERsCertified Emission Reductions are credits generated under Kyoto's CDM. One CER unit is equivalent to the reduction of one metric tonne of CO2e. They are designed to be used by industrialised countries to count towards meeting their Kyoto targets. They can also be used as part of domestic targets, for example EU companies and governments use them as offsets against their emissions under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme.) except long term (lCERs) and temporary (tCERs); Emission Reduction Units (ERUs); Removal Units (RMUs); Voluntary Emissions Reductions (VERsVerified Emission Reductions or Voluntary Emissions Reductions are tradable credits for greenhouse emission reduction activities generated to meet voluntary demand for carbon credits by organisations and individuals wanting to offset their own emissions. VERs can be generated from projects to which a range of circumstances might apply, including:
- are either based in a country that has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol (e.g. USA) or does not have the infrastructure to support CDM project development;
- have not yet been registered under the CDM;
- fall outside the scope of the CDM;
- are too small to warrant the costs of CDM approval;
- are specifically developed for the voluntary market.) issued by the Gold StandardA certification standard for carbon offset projects. Initiated by WWF, SSN and Helio International, the Gold Standard for CDM projects was launched in 2003 after wide-ranging stakeholder consultation among key actors of the carbon market as well as governments. For more information see here.*; Voluntary Carbon Units (VCUs) issued by the Voluntary Carbon StandardThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a new global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here., however where VCU credits are issued for reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDDReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and other agriculture forestry and land use (AFOLU) projects, they must apply methodologies approved under the NCOS Standard. abatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual.

General Information

This project is not owned by Climate Friendly | The project involves the development of a 30.4 MW onshore wind farm in the region of Çanakkale-Intepe,Çanakalan-Karacaviran-Kurttepe, Turkey. The project consists of 38 wind turbines of 800 kW, supplied by Enercon GmbH. The project includes the construction of 2000 m of new transmission lines to establish a connection between the proposed project and the national grid. The Anemon Wind Farm will generate 108 GWh/year which will be delivered to the Turkish national grid.

Quality

- Yes, NCOS compliantAbatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual. that is compliant with the National Carbon Offset Standard. NCOSNational Carbon Offset Standard. The National Carbon Offset Standard was released by the Commonwealth Government in November 2009, to come into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutral products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and retirement of carbon offsets that are beyond those achieved by the CPRS and achievement of Australia’s national emissions reduction targets. compliant abatement currently includes Certified Emissions Reductions (CERsCertified Emission Reductions are credits generated under Kyoto's CDM. One CER unit is equivalent to the reduction of one metric tonne of CO2e. They are designed to be used by industrialised countries to count towards meeting their Kyoto targets. They can also be used as part of domestic targets, for example EU companies and governments use them as offsets against their emissions under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme.) except long term (lCERs) and temporary (tCERs); Emission Reduction Units (ERUs); Removal Units (RMUs); Voluntary Emissions Reductions (VERsVerified Emission Reductions or Voluntary Emissions Reductions are tradable credits for greenhouse emission reduction activities generated to meet voluntary demand for carbon credits by organisations and individuals wanting to offset their own emissions. VERs can be generated from projects to which a range of circumstances might apply, including:
- are either based in a country that has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol (e.g. USA) or does not have the infrastructure to support CDM project development;
- have not yet been registered under the CDM;
- fall outside the scope of the CDM;
- are too small to warrant the costs of CDM approval;
- are specifically developed for the voluntary market.) issued by the Gold StandardA certification standard for carbon offset projects. Initiated by WWF, SSN and Helio International, the Gold Standard for CDM projects was launched in 2003 after wide-ranging stakeholder consultation among key actors of the carbon market as well as governments. For more information see here.*; Voluntary Carbon Units (VCUs) issued by the Voluntary Carbon StandardThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a new global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here., however where VCU credits are issued for reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDDReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and other agriculture forestry and land use (AFOLU) projects, they must apply methodologies approved under the NCOS Standard. abatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual.